- finding the correct gene to use
- delivering the gene into the correct cells and having it expressed properly without causing side effects
- getting patients to agree to the treatment
- producing enough of the therapeutic gene in the lab
No category found.
- using a naturally weak strain of the pathogen
- killing the pathogen with heat or chemicals so it can no longer replicate, but its antigens remain intact
- using only a small piece of the pathogen
- using a related but harmless virus
- stimulate the growth of new bone marrow
- identify and remove specific cells, such as cancerous cells or T-cells that could cause rejection, from the donor marrow
- act as a general anesthetic during the procedure
- diagnose if the patient needs a transplant
- are more closely related to humans than bacteria are
- can produce large quantities of protein at a low cost
- can grow in any environment without water or light
- are resistant to all forms of contamination
- RNA is more stable than DNA
- RNA probes can detect gene expression (i.e., if a gene is actively making mRNA)
- RNA probes do not require a tag
- RNA is double-stranded
- common to all viruses
- highly immunogenic but not pathogenic
- very small in size
- resistant to all antibodies
- has been used to produce traditional vaccines
- is used for diagnostic testing
- has had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into its genome (e.g., goats that produce a human protein in their milk)
- is a hybrid of two different species
- specific, variable regions of an individual's DNA
- the person's actual fingerprints
- proteins found in the blood
- the person's hair color gene
- enhance the immune response to the antigen
- preserve the vaccine during storage
- make the injection painless
- act as the primary antigen
- introducing a functional copy of the gene into the patient's lung cells
- providing the patient with the correct protein via an inhaler
- creating a vaccine against the faulty protein
- using monoclonal antibodies to destroy the faulty protein
- cancer-causing genes (oncogenes)
- cancer cells in the blood
- tumor antigens (proteins) in a patient's sample
- viruses that cause cancer
- how many people receive the vaccine
- the percentage reduction of disease in a vaccinated group compared to an unvaccinated group
- the number of side effects it causes
- the cost of the vaccine
- folded correctly to be biologically active
- produced in very small quantities
- mixed with bacterial proteins
- unstable and breaks down quickly
- amplified by PCR
- separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane
- injected into a patient
- used to create a vaccine
- the antibody produced by the immune system
- a molecule (often a protein or polysaccharide) from a pathogen that triggers an immune response
- the fluid component of the vaccine
- a cell of the immune system
- Recombinant insulin
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Aspirin (originally from willow bark, now synthesized chemically)
- Human growth hormone
- the strength of the sugar-phosphate backbone
- the specific base-pairing rules (A with T, G with C)
- the electrical charge of the DNA molecule
- the number of genes in the genome
- eliminating the risk of the pathogen reverting to a disease-causing state
- being administered without needles
- only including the necessary antigens to provoke an immune response
- using a much smaller dose than other vaccines
- diabetes
- emphysema
- hemophilia
- heart attacks
