Practice Questions

The primary function of carbohydrates in the human body is:

A. Structural support

B. Genetic information storage

C. Energy production ✓

D. Hormone synthesis

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Jun 6, 2026

A lipid that acts as a messenger molecule and plays roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and smooth muscle contraction is:

A. Cholesterol

B. Triglyceride

C. Prostaglandin ✓

D. Phospholipid

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Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a deficiency in a specific trace mineral experiences impaired thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to hypothyroidism. This mineral is:

A. Iron

B. Zinc

C. Iodine ✓

D. Calcium

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Jun 6, 2026

The process of DNA replication is considered semiconservative because:

A. Both new strands are composed entirely of new nucleotides.

B. Both original strands are entirely preserved.

C. Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. ✓

D. Replication occurs in a linear fashion.

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A substance that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties is described as:

A. Polar

B. Nonpolar

C. Amphipathic ✓

D. Hydrophobic

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A patient presents with beriberi, characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. This condition is caused by a deficiency of:

A. Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

B. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) ✓

C. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

D. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

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A genetic mutation results in a premature stop codon in the mRNA sequence, leading to a truncated, non-functional protein. This type of mutation is called a:

A. Silent mutation

B. Missense mutation

C. Nonsense mutation ✓

D. Frameshift mutation

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The metabolic pathway that generates ATP from glucose under anaerobic conditions, producing pyruvate and a small amount of ATP, is:

A. Krebs Cycle

B. Oxidative Phosphorylation

C. Glycolysis ✓

D. Beta-oxidation

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A lipid that is the primary component of cell membranes and forms a bilayer due to its amphipathic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) is:

A. Triglyceride

B. Cholesterol

C. Phospholipid ✓

D. Sphingolipid

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A patient with a genetic defect cannot synthesize a specific enzyme. This defect would most directly impact the cell’s:

A. Structural integrity

B. Genetic information storage

C. Rate of specific biochemical reactions ✓

D. Water balance

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Practice Questions

The primary function of carbohydrates in the human body is:

A lipid that acts as a messenger molecule and plays roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and smooth muscle contraction is:

A patient with a deficiency in a specific trace mineral experiences impaired thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to hypothyroidism. This mineral is:

The process of DNA replication is considered semiconservative because:

A substance that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties is described as:

A patient presents with beriberi, characterized by neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. This condition is caused by a deficiency of:

A genetic mutation results in a premature stop codon in the mRNA sequence, leading to a truncated, non-functional protein. This type of mutation is called a:

The metabolic pathway that generates ATP from glucose under anaerobic conditions, producing pyruvate and a small amount of ATP, is:

A lipid that is the primary component of cell membranes and forms a bilayer due to its amphipathic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) is:

A patient with a genetic defect cannot synthesize a specific enzyme. This defect would most directly impact the cell’s:

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