Practice Questions

A deficiency in Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological problems. Vitamin B12 is essential for:

A. Collagen synthesis

B. Red blood cell maturation and nervous system function ✓

C. Vision

D. Calcium absorption

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Jun 6, 2026

A clinical assay measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. A solution with a low pH (e.g., pH 2) has a:

A. Low concentration of hydrogen ions

B. High concentration of hydrogen ions ✓

C. Neutral concentration of hydrogen ions

D. No hydrogen ions

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A patient with extreme malnutrition shows signs of severe muscle wasting. This indicates a significant breakdown of which macronutrient to provide energy?

A. Carbohydrates

B. Lipids

C. Proteins ✓

D. Nucleic acids

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The enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of a substrate by adding water is known as a(n):

A. Ligase

B. Isomerase

C. Hydrolase ✓

D. Transferase

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A biochemist is studying a protein that functions as a channel across the cell membrane, allowing specific ions to pass through. This type of protein is primarily involved in:

A. Energy storage

B. Genetic information transfer

C. Transport ✓

D. Structural support

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The backbone of a DNA strand is composed of alternating:

A. Amino acids and sugars

B. Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugars ✓

C. Nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups

D. Fatty acids and glycerol

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A patient with symptoms of rickets (in children) or osteomalacia (in adults) has impaired bone mineralization. This is primarily caused by a deficiency in:

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin B

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin D ✓

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The metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce NADPH and pentoses for nucleotide synthesis is the:

A. Glycolysis

B. Krebs Cycle

C. Pentose Phosphate Pathway ✓

D. Gluconeogenesis

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A lipid that forms the core of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and is stored in adipose tissue as an energy reserve is:

A. Cholesterol

B. Phospholipid

C. Triglyceride ✓

D. Fatty acid

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A patient with chronic kidney disease may have difficulty regulating acid-base balance. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining pH by regulating the excretion of:

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Bicarbonate

C. Hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ✓

D. Oxygen

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Practice Questions

A deficiency in Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological problems. Vitamin B12 is essential for:

A clinical assay measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. A solution with a low pH (e.g., pH 2) has a:

A patient with extreme malnutrition shows signs of severe muscle wasting. This indicates a significant breakdown of which macronutrient to provide energy?

The enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of a substrate by adding water is known as a(n):

A biochemist is studying a protein that functions as a channel across the cell membrane, allowing specific ions to pass through. This type of protein is primarily involved in:

The backbone of a DNA strand is composed of alternating:

A patient with symptoms of rickets (in children) or osteomalacia (in adults) has impaired bone mineralization. This is primarily caused by a deficiency in:

The metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce NADPH and pentoses for nucleotide synthesis is the:

A lipid that forms the core of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and is stored in adipose tissue as an energy reserve is:

A patient with chronic kidney disease may have difficulty regulating acid-base balance. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining pH by regulating the excretion of:

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