Practice Questions

150. A patient with acute onset of severe retrosternal chest pain, radiating to the jaw, is suspected of having a myocardial infarction. What is the critical clinical urgency for medicinal intervention?

A. To administer oral antibiotics.

B. Immediate assessment for eligibility for reperfusion therapy (fibrinolysis or PCI) to minimize myocardial damage. ✓

C. To administer pain medication only.

D. To observe and monitor.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

149. A patient with a history of alcohol abuse develops alcoholic hepatitis. What is the technical primary pathophysiological event?

A. Viral infection.

B. Inflammation and damage to hepatocytes due to alcohol metabolism products. ✓

C. Gallstone obstruction.

D. Autoimmune attack.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

148. A patient with severe sepsis develops metabolic acidosis. What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause of the acidosis in sepsis?

A. Impaired renal excretion of acid.

B. Tissue hypoperfusion leading to anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid production. ✓

C. Hyperventilation.

D. Overproduction of ketone bodies.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

147. A patient with an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) develops sudden onset of dyspnea and hypoxemia. What is the technical primary pathophysiological consequence of PE?

A. Bronchospasm.

B. Obstruction of pulmonary arterial blood flow, leading to V/Q mismatch and hypoxemia. ✓

C. Alveolar inflammation.

D. Pulmonary fibrosis.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

146. A patient with severe hypothyroidism presents with myxedema (non-pitting edema). What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause of myxedema?

A. Fluid overload.

B. Accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides in the dermis. ✓

C. Allergic reaction.

D. Protein deficiency.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

145. A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed unfractionated heparin. From a medicinal perspective, what is the technical pathophysiological mechanism of heparin?

A. Directly dissolves existing clots.

B. Enhances the activity of antithrombin, thereby inhibiting various coagulation factors (e.g., thrombin, Factor Xa). ✓

C. Inhibits platelet aggregation.

D. Blocks Vitamin K epoxide reductase.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

144. A patient with diabetes develops non-healing foot ulcers. What is the technical primary pathophysiological mechanism for diabetic foot ulcers?

A. Acute inflammation.

B. Combination of neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and impaired wound healing. ✓

C. Fungal infection.

D. Increased immune response.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

143. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops anemia. What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause?

A. Increased erythropoietin production.

B. Decreased erythropoietin production by the damaged kidneys. ✓

C. Iron deficiency.

D. Vitamin B12 deficiency.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

142. A patient with an acute MI develops an arrhythmia, specifically ventricular fibrillation. What is the critical urgency for medicinal intervention?

A. Oral antiarrhythmics.

B. Immediate defibrillation and CPR. ✓

C. IV fluids.

D. Observation.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

141. A patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by reduced exercise tolerance and fatigue. What is the technical primary pathophysiological reason for these symptoms?

A. Increased cardiac output.

B. Inadequate cardiac output to meet metabolic demands of peripheral tissues. ✓

C. Increased red blood cell count.

D. Enhanced oxygen delivery.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

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Practice Questions

150. A patient with acute onset of severe retrosternal chest pain, radiating to the jaw, is suspected of having a myocardial infarction. What is the critical clinical urgency for medicinal intervention?

149. A patient with a history of alcohol abuse develops alcoholic hepatitis. What is the technical primary pathophysiological event?

148. A patient with severe sepsis develops metabolic acidosis. What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause of the acidosis in sepsis?

147. A patient with an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) develops sudden onset of dyspnea and hypoxemia. What is the technical primary pathophysiological consequence of PE?

146. A patient with severe hypothyroidism presents with myxedema (non-pitting edema). What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause of myxedema?

145. A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed unfractionated heparin. From a medicinal perspective, what is the technical pathophysiological mechanism of heparin?

144. A patient with diabetes develops non-healing foot ulcers. What is the technical primary pathophysiological mechanism for diabetic foot ulcers?

143. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops anemia. What is the technical primary pathophysiological cause?

142. A patient with an acute MI develops an arrhythmia, specifically ventricular fibrillation. What is the critical urgency for medicinal intervention?

141. A patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by reduced exercise tolerance and fatigue. What is the technical primary pathophysiological reason for these symptoms?

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