Practice Questions

A patient with heart failure experiences dyspnea on exertion. The primary mechanism causing dyspnea in heart failure is:

A. Decreased oxygen demand.

B. Pulmonary congestion and impaired gas exchange. ✓

C. Bronchospasm.

D. Metabolic acidosis.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of alcoholism develops fatty liver disease. This is an example of which type of cellular accumulation?

A. Pigment accumulation.

B. Protein accumulation.

C. Lipid accumulation. ✓

D. Glycogen accumulation.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A. Immediate IgE-mediated response.

B. Antibody-mediated cell destruction.

C. Immune complex deposition.

D. Delayed T-cell mediated response. ✓

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe infection develops lactic acidosis. This is caused by:

A. Increased oxygen delivery to tissues.

B. Anaerobic metabolism due to tissue hypoxia. ✓

C. Excessive bicarbonate production.

D. Hyperventilation.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Diagnostic criteria for SIRS include abnormalities in temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and:

A. Blood glucose.

B. White blood cell count. ✓

C. Hemoglobin level.

D. Platelet count.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic respiratory acidosis due to COPD develops compensatory metabolic alkalosis. This compensation is primarily mediated by the:

A. Lungs.

B. Kidneys. ✓

C. Liver.

D. Heart.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops hypercalcemia. Which of the following is a common cause of hypercalcemia?

A. Hypoparathyroidism.

B. Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism. ✓

C. Chronic kidney disease.

D. Vitamin D deficiency.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic mutation has a deficiency in a specific enzyme, leading to the accumulation of a toxic substance. This is an example of a:

A. Chromosomal abnormality.

B. Single gene disorder. ✓

C. Multifactorial disorder.

D. Environmental injury.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic inflammatory condition develops amyloidosis. This involves:

A. Abnormal protein deposits in various organs. ✓

B. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver.

C. Calcium deposits in soft tissues.

D. Iron overload in the blood.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic pain experiences an increased perception of pain over time despite stable noxious stimuli. This phenomenon is known as:

A. Allodynia.

B. Hyperalgesia.

C. Central sensitization. ✓

D. Neuropathic pain.

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mintcream-chough-797767.hostingersite.com BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

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Practice Questions

A patient with heart failure experiences dyspnea on exertion. The primary mechanism causing dyspnea in heart failure is:

A patient with a history of alcoholism develops fatty liver disease. This is an example of which type of cellular accumulation?

A patient is diagnosed with a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A patient with a severe infection develops lactic acidosis. This is caused by:

A patient develops Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Diagnostic criteria for SIRS include abnormalities in temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and:

A patient with chronic respiratory acidosis due to COPD develops compensatory metabolic alkalosis. This compensation is primarily mediated by the:

A patient develops hypercalcemia. Which of the following is a common cause of hypercalcemia?

A patient with a genetic mutation has a deficiency in a specific enzyme, leading to the accumulation of a toxic substance. This is an example of a:

A patient with a chronic inflammatory condition develops amyloidosis. This involves:

A patient with chronic pain experiences an increased perception of pain over time despite stable noxious stimuli. This phenomenon is known as:

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