- Adrenal insufficiency.
- Excess glucocorticoid (cortisol) production.
- Excess aldosterone production.
- Thyroid hormone deficiency.
No category found.
- To identify the underlying cause (pre-renal, intra-renal, post-renal) to guide urgent specific management.
- To immediately start dialysis.
- To administer large volumes of fluids.
- To prescribe antibiotics.
- Autoimmune attack on the pancreas.
- Obstruction of the pancreatic duct by a gallstone.
- Premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas.
- Bacterial infection.
- Myocardial cell necrosis.
- Imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
- Pericardial inflammation.
- Esophageal spasm.
- Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Decreased insulin production.
- Impaired cellular response to insulin, leading to inadequate glucose uptake by peripheral tissues.
- Excess glucagon secretion.
- Gastroenteritis.
- Appendicitis.
- Bowel obstruction, requiring urgent surgical assessment.
- Irritable bowel syndrome.
- Dilation of the left ventricle.
- Increased afterload, leading to compensatory hypertrophy of the left ventricle.
- Valvular stenosis.
- Increased cardiac output.
- Alveolar destruction and air trapping.
- Chronic inflammation of the bronchi, leading to mucus hypersecretion, airway obstruction, and hypoxemia/hypercapnia.
- Reversible bronchospasm.
- Pulmonary fibrosis.
- Administering large volumes of intravenous fluids.
- Promptly treating the underlying cause of sepsis and managing bleeding/thrombosis.
- Performing immediate surgery.
- Providing only symptomatic relief.
- Esophageal varices.
- Peptic ulcer.
- Diverticulitis.
- Hemorrhoids.
- Increases blood pressure.
- Inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.
- Directly dilates coronary arteries.
- Increases myocardial contractility.
- Autoimmune inflammation of the synovial membrane.
- Degeneration of articular cartilage.
- Deposition of uric acid crystals.
- Bacterial infection of the joint.
- Accumulation of glucose in the brain.
- Impaired detoxification of ammonia and other neurotoxins by the liver.
- Cerebral ischemia.
- Electrolyte imbalance.
- Hypoglycemia.
- Cardiac arrhythmias and potential cardiac arrest.
- Hypotension.
- Metabolic alkalosis.
- Venous insufficiency.
- Arterial stenosis/occlusion, leading to muscle ischemia during exertion.
- Neuropathy.
- Muscle strain.
- To increase heart rate.
- To block the effects of sympathetic nervous system activation, reducing myocardial oxygen demand and improving cardiac remodeling.
- To increase preload.
- To dilate peripheral blood vessels.
- Appendicitis.
- Gastroenteritis.
- Perforation of a peptic ulcer, leading to peritonitis.
- Irritable bowel syndrome exacerbation.
- Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas.
- Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity.
- Delays glucose absorption from the gut.
- Increases glucose excretion in the urine.
- Bronchoconstriction.
- Alveolar consolidation with pus and exudate, impairing gas exchange.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- Reduced cardiac output.
